Table 4. The mean arch index and total contact area of five offloading conditions and the control condition for 10 subjects at three walking speeds.
| Condition | Walking speed | Arch index (mean[std]) | Contact area (mm^2, mean[std]) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (Control flat insole) |
Slow | 0.22[0.04] | 9387[1612] |
| Normal | 0.21[0.06] | 9347[1756] | |
| Fast | 0.21[0.05] | 9489[1724] | |
| SCO (Small calcaneus offloading insole) |
Slow | 0.21[0.06] | 9004[1531] |
| Normal | 0.21[0.06] | 9259[1781] | |
| Fast | 0.20[0.06] | 9212[1750] | |
| LCO (Larger calcaneus offloading insole) |
Slow | 0.22[0.05] | 9607[1607] |
| Normal | 0.21[0.05] | 9545[1511] | |
| Fast | 0.21[0.05] | 9752[1745] | |
| SMHO (Small metatarsal head offloading insole) |
Slow | 0.20[0.05] | 9219[1513] |
| Normal | 0.20[0.06] | 9407[1745] | |
| Fast | 0.20[0.05] | 9429[1557] | |
| LMHO (Large metatarsal head offloading insole) |
Slow | 0.21[0.04] | 9379[1451] |
| Normal | 0.19[0.03] | 9258[1129] | |
| Fast | 0.19[0.05] | 9554[1401] | |
| LCOBS (Both sides large calcaneus offloading insole) |
Slow | 0.22[0.05] | 9412[1273] |
| Normal | 0.21[0.04] | 9444[1312] | |
| Fast | 0.20[0.04] | 9573[1312] | |
| Percentage difference with the P-value | |||
| Condition | Walking speed | Arch index (Control value, no unit; difference from control, % and [P-value]) |
Contact area (Control value, mm^2; difference from control, % and [P-value]) |
| Control (Control flat insole) |
Slow | 0.22 | 9387 |
| Normal | 0.21 | 9347 | |
| Fast | 0.21 | 9489 | |
| SCO (Small calcaneus offloading insole) |
Slow | -2%[0.900] | -4%[0.001] |
| Normal | -2%[0.868] | -1%[0.556] | |
| Fast | -7%[0.034] | -3%[0.101] | |
| LCO (Larger calcaneus offloading insole) |
Slow | 3%[0.276] | 1%[0.526] |
| Normal | 2%[1.000] | 1%[0.936] | |
| Fast | 1%[0.813] | 1%[0.379] | |
| SMHO (Small metatarsal head offloading insole) |
Slow | -7%[0.149] | -3%[0.174] |
| Normal | -4%[0.262] | -1%[0.529] | |
| Fast | -9%[0.035] | -2%[0.215] | |
| LMHO (Large metatarsal head offloading insole) |
Slow | -9%[0.011] | -5%[0.031] |
| Normal | -14%[0.035] | -6%[0.049] | |
| Fast | -14%[0.080] | -3%[0.136] | |
| LCOBS (Both sides large calcaneus offloading insole) |
Slow | 0%[0.279] | -1%[0.529] |
| Normal | 1%[1.000] | 0%[0.726] | |
| Fast | -3%[0.303] | 0%[0.685] | |
P-values were calculated for the five offloading conditions and the control condition for the 10 subjects at three walking speeds. P-values smaller than 0.05 were underlined.