Table 1.

Antiplatelet drugs’ characterization

Drug	Administration route	Metabolic activation	Activating enzymes and reaction type	Inhibition	Reference
Ticlopidine	Oral	+	CYP 2B6, 2C19, 1A2, 3A4 (oxidation)	Irreversible	[14, 15]
Clopidogrel	Oral	+	CYP 2C19, 1A2, 2B6, 3A4 (oxidation)	Irreversible	[15–18]
Prasugrel	Oral	+	Esterases (hydrolysis), CYP 3A5, 2B6, 2C9 and 2C19 (oxidation)	Irreversible	[15, 19–22]
Vicagrel	Oral	+	Carbohydrate esterase family 2 and paraoxonase 1 (hydrolysis), CYP 2C19, 3A4, 2B6 (oxidation)	Irreversible	[23, 24]
Selatogrel	Subcutaneous	-	-	Reversible	[25, 26]
Elinogrel	Oral/intravenous	-	-	Reversible	[27, 28]
Ticagrelor*	Oral	±	CYP 3A4 (oxidation)	Reversible	[29, 30]
Cangrelor	Bolus or intravenous infusion	-	-	Reversible	[31]

^*Parent compound is pharmacologically active