Skip to main content
. 2024 May 17;15:4194. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48662-x

Fig. 2. TRIM-induced immunosuppression and overgrowth of breast tumors.

Fig. 2

a Tumor growth rate of the E. coli-infected group (EC Group) and the non-infected group (Control) (n = 4 mice per group). Compared with Control, the tumors in EC grow evidently faster, suggesting that the TRIM can promote tumor growth. The intratumoral expression of (b), IL-17, (c), TGF-β, (d), PD-1, and (e), IL-12, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, n = 3 mice per group), showing that the presence of TRIM can increase the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β, which are known for promoting breast tumor antiapoptotic, proliferation, and invasiveness, and downregulate PD-1 and IL-12. The variations indicate the aggravated immunosuppression and weakened responses of T cells and M1-like TAMs in the TME. f Immunohistochemistry analysis of T cells (CD3+), M1-like TAMs and dendritic cells (CD86+), and M2-like TAMs (ARG-1+) in the tumors, respectively (n = 4 mice per group). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. P < 0.05 is considered to be statistically significant.