Table 2.
The association between serum RC and total spine bone mineral density (g/cm2)
| Model 1 β (95% CI) P value | Model 2 β (95% CI) P value | Model 3 β (95% CI) P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RC | -0.044 (-0.058, -0.030) < 0.001 | -0.019 (-0.033, -0.005) 0.007 | -0.024 (-0.039, -0.010) < 0.001 |
| RC categories | |||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 | -0.008 (-0.022, 0.005) 0.232 | 0.002 (-0.011, 0.015) 0.767 | -0.001 (-0.014, 0.013) 0.997 |
| Q3 | -0.025 (-0.038, -0.011) < 0.001 | -0.005 (-0.018, 0.009) 0.496 | -0.008 (-0.022, 0.006) 0.249 |
| Q4 | -0.045 (-0.059, -0.031) < 0.001 | -0.018 (-0.031, -0.004) 0.011 | -0.024 (-0.038, -0.010) 0.001 |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.007 | < 0.001 |
| Subgroup analysis stratified by sex | |||
| Men | -0.045 (-0.063, -0.026) < 0.001 | -0.028 (-0.046, -0.010) 0.002 | -0.030 (-0.050, -0.011) < 0.001 |
| Women | -0.049 (-0.070, -0.027) < 0.001 | -0.019 (-0.042, 0.003) 0.097 | -0.011 (-0.034, 0.012) 0.351 |
| P for interaction | 0.741 | 0.135 | 0.173 |
| Stratified analysis by race/ethnicity | |||
| Mexican American | -0.029 (-0.060, 0.002) 0.066 | -0.022 (-0.054, 0.009) 0.168 | -0.018 (-0.050, 0.013) 0.256 |
| Other Hispanic | -0.030 (-0.071, 0.012) 0.159 | -0.024 (-0.066, 0.019) 0.274 | -0.019 (-0.064, 0.026) 0.402 |
| Non-Hispanic White | -0.030 (-0.051, -0.009) 0.005 | -0.024 (-0.045, -0.002) 0.033 | -0.030 (-0.053, -0.007) 0.010 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | -0.005 (-0.024, 0.015) 0.650 | -0.002 (-0.022, 0.017) 0.810 | -0.012 (-0.059, 0.036) 0.624 |
| Other races (Including multi-racial) | -0.025 (-0.053, 0.002) 0.074 | -0.023 (-0.052, 0.006) 0.117 | -0.030 (-0.061, 0.001) 0.056 |
| P for interaction | 0.324 | 0.533 | 0.767 |
| Stratified analysis by age | |||
| < 50 | -0.029 (-0.041, -0.016) < 0.001 | -0.026 (-0.042, -0.010) 0.001 | -0.033 (-0.049, -0.016) < 0.001 |
| ≥ 50 | -0.010 (-0.037, 0.016) 0.438 | 0.004 (-0.023, 0.031) 0.787 | -0.010 (-0.039, 0.019) 0.484 |
| P for interaction | 0.212 | 0.025 | 0.148 |
| Stratified analysis by BMI | |||
| < 25 | -0.086 (-0.173, 0.000) 0.053 | -0.045 (-0.078, -0.012) 0.007 | -0.030 (-0.042, -0.018) < 0.001 |
| 25–30 | -0.045 (-0.078, -0.012) 0.007 | -0.009 (-0.042, 0.024) 0.580 | -0.033 (-0.057, -0.010) 0.008 |
| > 30 | -0.031 (-0.044, -0.019) < 0.001 | -0.032 (-0.067, 0.002) 0.068 | -0.021 (-0.044, -0.003) 0.040 |
| P for interaction | 0.439 | 0.692 | 0.377 |
Model 1 adjusted no covariates. Model 2 adjusted age, sex, and race. Model 3 adjusted age, sex, race, PIR, education level, BMI, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum total calcium, serum phosphorus, serum uric acid, serum vitamin D, smoking and drinking behaviors, high pressure, diabetes, physical activities, and statin use. Abbreviation: BMI: body mass index. PIR: poverty income ratio. BMD: bone mineral density. RC: remnant cholesterol.