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. 2024 May 18;14:11413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61932-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assessment of AChE, BDNF and amyloid-B in hippocampal tissues. In nicotine-ethanol withdrawn rats, the enzymatic activity of AChE as well as the concentration of amyloid-B was elevated in hippocampal tissues (A and C), however, BDNF level was diminished significantly (B). In all markers, the effect of CoQ10 at the dose of (400 mg/kg) was almost equipotential to that of the Bup + Nal and the most potent effect was found in naïve rats treated by CoQ10 alone. Abbreviations: Nic: nicotine, Eth: ethanol, CoQ10: Coenzyme Q10, Bup: bupropion, Nal: naloxone, AChE: acetylcholinesterase and BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor. P** < 0.01 and P**** < 0.0001.