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. 2024 May 18;15:4240. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48702-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A Shows the phylogenetic relationships used in the meta-regression, grouped by order and the associated mean effect size for response to manipulations of perceived predation risk for k estimates from K studies. B Shows the geographic distribution of studies, where the colour of the country on a gradient from yellow to red represents the total number of studies (n). Grey is used for countries from which no estimates were obtained. Silhouettes representing different bird orders were obtained from PhyloPics, with artist credits and copyright: T. Michale Keesey (PDM 1.0), Ferran Sayol (CC0 1.0), Gabriela Palomo-Munoz (CC BY-NC 3.0) Andy Wilson (CC0 1.0) and Alexandre Vong (CC0 1.0). Detailed copyright information for all images can be accessed at: https://www.phylopic.org/permalinks/4d2aebec1e2f2da818396c344eb377c61d6ce0d70ddb15d09d7671defdf00ed2.