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. 2024 May 18;9:85. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-00888-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Human and hamster single variant exposure sera (human n = 10 ancestral, n = 7 delta, n = 17 BA.1, n = 3 BA.5; hamster n = 4 ancestral, n = 4 delta, n = 4 BA.1, n = 3 BA.5) were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies against D614G, alpha, alpha+E484K, beta, gamma, delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, XBB.1.5.1 variants using a focus reduction assay and authentic virus variants. To control for titer variation due to different reactivities of individual sera and estimate species-specific effects, titers were estimated using a Bayesian framework (Supplementary Methods)⁵. The columns show human titers (blue), hamster titers (pink), and the GMT (geometric mean titers) ± +95% CI (confidence interval) as bold colored line and shaded area for each convalescent (conv.) serum group. The black line represents the estimated Geometric Mean Titer per serum group across organisms after adjusting for serum and organism effects. The rows show from top to bottom: Raw titers with titers <LOD (limit of detection ≤ 16 indicated by grey area) set to 8 (LOD/2), titers adjusted for individual serum reactivity variation, titers adjusted for organism reactivity differences, and titers adjusted for both individual serum and organism reactivities.