Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
| No AKI (N = 505) |
AKI no CKRT (N = 177) |
AKI CKRT (N = 77) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age, years* | 62 (53–71) | 67 (56–74) | 67 (55–73) | 0.006 |
| Male sex† | 400 (79%) | 150 (85%) | 65 (84%) | 0.21 |
| Previous medical history | ||||
| Hypertension‡ | 226 (45%) | 84 (48%) | 36 (47%) | 0.79 |
| Diabetes§ | 63 (13%) | 30 (17%) | 12 (16%) | 0.29 |
| Ischemic heart disease|| | 109 (22%) | 27 (15%) | 27 (35%) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation# | 72 (14%) | 30 (17%) | 16 (21%) | 0.29 |
| Heart failure** | 79 (16%) | 29 (16%) | 21 (27%) | 0.040 |
| Stroke†† | 40 (8%) | 10 (6%) | 7 (9%) | 0.52 |
| Chronic kidney disease‡‡ | 16 (3%) | 9 (5%) | 8 (10%) | 0.013 |
| Characteristics of cardiac arrest | ||||
| Shockable rhythm§§ | 456 (91%) | 152 (86%) | 72 (94%) | 0.11 |
| Witnessed arrest|||| | 426 (85%) | 156 (88%) | 61 (79%) | 0.18 |
| Bystander CPR## | 441 (89%) | 152 (87%) | 64 (83%) | 0.28 |
| Time-to-ROSC, minutes*** | 15 (11–23) | 21 (15–30) | 30 (19–45) | < 0.001 |
| Findings and procedures at hospital arrival | ||||
| pH on arrival††† | 7.24 ± 0.11 | 7.20 ± 0.12 | 7.07 ± 0.16 | < 0.001 |
| Lactate on arrival, mmol/L‡‡‡ | 4.3 (2.5–7.1) | 5.5 (3.4–8.2) | 8.4 (6.5–12.5) | < 0.001 |
| First recorded base excess, mmol/L§§§ | − 6.3 (− 9.4 to − 3.5) | − 6.9 (− 10.9 to − 4.0) | − 13 (− 17.2 to − 9.7 | < 0.001 |
| First recorded PaO2, kPa|||||| | 10.7 (6.5–21.2) | 11.2 (7.2–20.1) | 9.1 (7.2–12.5) | 0.19 |
| First recorded PaCO2, kPa### | 6.2 (5.5–7.0) | 6.6 (5.9–7.6) | 7.6 (6.0–9.0) | < 0.001 |
| STEMI**** | 228 (46%) | 76 (44%) | 30 (39%) | 0.52 |
| Immediate coronary angiography†††† | 460 (91%) | 165 (93%) | 68 (88%) | 0.42 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention‡‡‡‡ | 206 (45%) | 77 (47%) | 34 (50%) | 0.70 |
| Interventional characteristics | ||||
| PaO2 during ICU, kPa§§§§ | 12.6 (11.4–13.8) | 12.4 (10.9–13.9) | 12.3 (11.2–13.4) | 0.38 |
| MAP during ICU, mmHg|||||||| | 78.4 ± 8.8 | 76.7 ± 9.45 | 73.2 ± 9.1 | < 0.001 |
| Temperature first 72 h, °C#### | 36.8 (36.5–37.0) | 36.7 (36.5–37.0) | 36.7 (36.3–37.0) | 0.18 |
Continuous data are expressed as mean (± standard deviation) for parametric data and median (25th–75th percentiles) for non-parametric data. Categorical variables are expressed as counts (percentage). The values of the interventional characteristics were derived by calculating weighted means, accounting for variations in measurement frequency during ICU, thus ensuring each day contributed proportionally to the overall means. Bold itlaic values indicate highligth statistical significance. Abbreviations: CKRT; continuous kidney replacement therapy, CPR; cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, ICU; intensive care unit, MAP; mean arterial pressure, PaCO2; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, PaO2; partial pressure of arterial oxygen, ROSC; return of spontaneous circulation, STEMI; ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Missing data; *2 patients (0.3%), †1 patient (0.1%), ‡1 patient (0.1%), §2 patients (0.3%), ||2 patients (0.3%), #3 patients(0.4%), **2 patients (0.3%), ††1 patient (0.1%), ‡‡1 patient (0.1%), §§1 patient (0.1%), ||||1 patient (0.1%), ##12 patients (1.6%), ***17 patients (2.2%), †††48 patients (6.3%), ‡‡‡22 patients (2.9%), §§§25 patients (3.3%), ||||||37 patients (4.8%), ###90 patients (11.9%),****13 patients (1.7%),††††13 patients (1.7%),‡‡‡‡68 patients (9.0%), §§§§4 patients (0.5%), ||||||||3 patients (0.4%), ####15 patients (1.9%)