Table 5.

Post hoc contrasts for face-ism for the gendered queries. Effects of gender by query and search engine and of gender × query interaction by search engine on face-ism. Results averaged over the levels of region, browser, wave. Main effects are adjusted for interaction influence and multiple comparison (Tukey). Gender coded: 0 = women; 1 = men. Effect size is Cohen’s D. Bolded rows were found significant at the .05 level. Negative z-ratio indicates lower representation of women.

	Search engine	Estimate	Standard error	z-ratio	p-value	95% CI L	95% CI H	Effect size
Gender—Woman/Man	Baidu	−0.028	0.011	−2.472	.064	−0.057	0.001	0.149
	Bing	−0.077	0.007	−10.621	<.001	−0.095	−0.058	0.404
	Google	−0.026	0.008	−3.161	.009	−0.047	−0.005	0.137
	Yandex	0.049	0.008	6.240	<.001	0.029	0.070	0.260
Gender—Intelligent woman/man	Baidu	0.042	0.018	2.380	.081	−0.003	0.087	0.221
	Bing	−0.107	0.009	−12.457	<.001	−0.129	−0.085	0.563
	Google	0.003	0.01	0.298	.991	−0.023	0.029	0.016
	Yandex	0.026	0.008	3.080	.011	0.004	0.047	0.136
Gender × Query	Baidu	0.070	0.021	3.340	.001	0.029	0.111	0.369
	Bing	−0.030	0.011	−2.682	.007	−0.052	−0.008	0.258
	Google	0.029	0.013	2.230	.026	0.004	0.054	0.153
	Yandex	−0.024	0.012	−2.048	.041	−0.046	−0.001	0.124