Table 1.
Clinical Studies Supporting the Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cardio-Oncology
| First Author (Year) | Study Type | Population | Study Groups | Treatments | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gongora et al (2022)16 | Observational retrospective cohort study | Patients with DM and cancer treated with anthracyclines, aged >18 y, and patients with prior HF | Cases (n = 32): patients with DM and cancer on SGLT2 inhibitors during anthracycline treatment Control (n = 96): patients with DM cancer on anthracycline treatment without SGLT2 inhibitors |
CANA (34% [n = 11]), DAPA (16% [n = 5]), EMPA (50% [n = 16]) | Patients on SGLT2 inhibitors had ↓ cardiac events after anthracycline therapy, including ↓ HF admissions and a ↓ rate of cardiac dysfunction No new cases of anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction were observed in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors |
| Abdel-Qadir et al (2023)18 | Observational population-based cohort study using medical records data sets | Patients aged ≥65 y with treated diabetes, no prior HF, receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy for cancer | SGLT2 inhibitor–treated patients (n = 99) SGLT2 inhibitor–unexposed patients (n = 834) |
CANA, DAPA, EMPA | SGLT2 inhibitor exposure ↓ risk of HF hospitalization, but no significant difference in incident HF diagnosis SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a statistically nonsignificant ↓ rate of mortality |
| Avula et al (2024)38 | Retrospective cohort analysis of deidentified, aggregated patient data | Patients aged ≥18 y with histories of T2DM, cancer, and exposure to potentially cardiotoxic antineoplastic therapies, with subsequent diagnoses of cardiomyopathy or HF | Patients on SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 640) SGLT2 inhibitor–unexposed patients (n = 640), after propensity score matching |
CANA, DAPA, EMPA | Patients on SGLT2 inhibitors had ↓ risk of acute HF exacerbation and all-cause mortality Less frequent all-cause hospitalizations or emergency department visits, atrial fibrillation/flutter, acute kidney injury, and need for renal replacement therapy in patients on SGLT2 inhibitors |
CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; DM = diabetes mellitus; EMPA = empagliflozin; HF = heart failure; SGLT2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; ↑ = increase; ↓ = decrease.