Fig. 5.

Osteogenesis behavior assessment. (a&b) Alkaline phosphatase staining (a) and activity (b) of MC3T3-E1 cells after 7 days of osteogenic induction. (c) Alizarin red staining of MC3T3-E1 cells after 14 days of osteogenic differentiation. (d) Quantitative analysis of alizarin red staining. (e) Three-dimensional reconstruction of infected bone tissues from various treatment groups. (f–j) Quantification of the BV/TV (f), BMD (g), Tb. Sp (h), Tb. N (i), and Tb. Th (j) in (e). n = 3 biologically independent animals. P values were calculated by the two-tailed student's t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.