Table 2.

Effect of ERAS implementation on study outcomes

Study outcomes	Control period (n=1060)		ERAS period (n=1337)		Effect measure
Primary endpoint	n	Mean (median; SD)	n	Mean (median; SD)	Mean difference	95% CI	P value
LOS	979	8.55 (7; 3.87)	1264	7.5 (7; 3.49)	−0.58	−1.07, −0.09	0.021
Secondary endpoints	n/total	%	n/total	%	OR	95% CI	P value
LOS outliers	81/1060	7.64	73/1337	5.46	1.02	0.58, 1.80	0.944
Complications
Total	285/1058	26.9	364/1336	27.2	1.22	0.88, 1.68	0.218
Medical	148/1058	14.0	182/1336	13.6	1.20	0.79, 1.84	0.380
Only minor medical	125/1058	11.8	133/1336	10.0	0.94	0.59, 1.49	0.770
Major medical	22/1058	2.1	44/1336	3.3	2.13	0.98, 4.62	0.055
Surgical	194/1058	18.3	257/1336	19.2	1.32	0.94, 1.85	0.109
Only minor surgical	112/1058	10.6	151/1336	11.3	1.43	0.94, 2.19	0.093
Major surgical	84/1058	7.9	108/1336	8.1	1.12	0.68, 1.85	0.636
Transfusions	107/1058	10.1	120/1336	9.0	0.71	0.45, 1.12	0.136
ICU access	144/1058	13.6	191/1336	14.3	0.97	0.61, 1.54	0.906
Inpatient mortality	16/1060	1.51	21/1337	1.57	1.63	0.61, 4.38	0.316
30-day ED admissions	61/1044	5.84	76/1316	5.78	1.51	0.88, 2.60	0.131
30-day hospital readmissions	98/1044	9.39	105/1316	7.98	1.16	0.74, 1.81	0.511
30-day reinterventions	78/1044	7.47	95/1316	7.22	1.47	0.89, 2.44	0.131
	n	Mean (median; SD)	n	Mean (median; SD)	Mean difference	95% CI	P value
Mean QoR score	760	7.12 (7.2; 1.52)	1002	7.46 (7.6; 1.37)	0.24	0.01, 0.47	0.039
Mean QoR score - physical scale	760	7.14 (7.3; 1.64)	1002	7.56 (7.80; 1.50)	0.33	0.08, 0.57	0.011
Mean QoR score - mental scale	760	7.08 (7.60; 2.00)	1002	7.26 (7.80; 1.97)	0.08	−0.24, 0.40	0.622
Well-being Visual Analogue Scale score	813	6.72 (7; 1.72)	1037	7.14 (7; 1.6)	0.31	0.05, 0.57	0.021

ED, emergency department; ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; QoR, Quality of Recovery.