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. 2024 Apr 9;58(10):556–566. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107849

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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HRs for each incident outcome in apparently healthy populations at baseline for high versus low CRF and per 1-MET increase in CRF. Note: Estimates from Cheng (2022), Aune (2021), Wang (2020), Xue (2020), Tarp (2019) and Kunutsor (2023) were reported as RR, the remaining studies were reported as HR. Kandola (2019) reported estimates for low versus high which were inverted for this study. The estimates from Tarp (2019) are fully adjusted for adiposity. Aune (2021) was reported per 5-MET increase which we converted to 1-MET increase for this study. CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GRADE, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; RR, relative risk.