Fig. 6. (a)Schematic diagram of Pb/S/1,2-ethanedithiol composite thin-film-sensitized TiO₂ nanorod array solar cells; reproduced from ref. 83 with permission from Springer Nature copyright 2018. (b and c) SEM image of a solid electrolyte at low and high magnifications; reproduced with permission from the American Chemical Society, copyright 2019.⁸⁸ (d) Nyquist plots of [DHexBIm][X] (X = Br, BF₄ and SCN)-based electrolytes; reproduced from ref. 89, with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry, copyright 2019. (e) TGA curves of OICs [MBT]BF₄, [EBT]BF₄ and [PhBT]BF₄; reproduced from ref. 90. (f) J–V curves for the Pechini method and hydrothermal method. (g) EQ and integrated J_sc curves; reprinted from ref. 85. (h) UV-visible spectra and (i) Tauc plots of H-LSM and P-LSM to determine the optical bandgap; reproduced from ref. 97.