| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds (PAHs), such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc.
|
Wood and coal burning, petrol and diesel combustion, industrial discharge, vehicular emission, etc.
|
Carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic and toxic |
1–5
|
| Heterocyclic compounds, such as furan, pyrrole, thiophene, etc.
|
Domestic sewage treatment plants and some chemical engineering industries such as textile, dyestuff, pharmaceutical and chemical productions |
Stable in nature, easy to bioaccumulate, mutagenic and carcinogenic |
6–8
|
| Organic cyanides, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, etc.
|
Coking, electroplating and pharmaceutical industries |
Highly toxic. Short-term exposure to cyanide could cause shortness of breath and neurological diseases, and prolonged exposure would lead to nerve damage and even death |
9–11
|
| Synthetic detergents, such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol sulfate, etc.
|
Laundry wastewater originated from households, industries and hospitals |
Foaming thus affects biological treatment effect and has solubilization effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
12 and 13
|
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from PCB3 to PCB10 |
Preparation of capacitors and transformers, oil for chemical engineering |
Entering the human body through the food chain, causing acute poisoning and carcinogenesis to the human body |
14 and 15
|
| Plasticizers, such as phthalates, aliphatic dicarboxylic esters, fatty acid esters, etc.
|
Plastic products |
It is stable and has inhibitory effect on human central nervous system |
16
|
| Synthetic pesticides, such as organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, etc.
|
Agricultural fields and non-agricultural settings such as households, industries, sport fields and other urban green areas |
Toxic and carcinogenic to humans |
17 and 18
|
| Synthetic dyes, such as methylene blue, orange II, methyl violet, etc.
|
Textile industry |
High chroma, toxic and carcinogenic |
19 and 20
|
