Table 1.
Echocardiographic variables (mean ± SD) of left atrial size and function before and after sedation in seven healthy cats
| Variable | Baseline | Ace/But | Ace/But/Ket | CV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 192 ± 21 | 204 ± 25 | 232 ± 27 † ‡ | 5.83 |
| LADmax (cm) | 1.23 ± 0.13 | 1.14 ± 0.09* | 1.16 ± 0.08 | 3.22 |
| LA-FS (%) | 23 ± 2.0 | 21 ± 3.0 | 25 ± 7.0 | 10.3 |
| LAAmax (cm2) | 1.47 ± 0.30 | 1.39 ± 0.18 | 1.42 ± 0.22 | 1.5 |
| LA-FAC (%) | 35 ± 5.0 | 33 ± 6.0 | 41 ± 9.0 ‡ | 16.8 |
| LAD (cm) | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.13 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | nd |
| Ao (cm) | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 0.79 ± 0.11 | nd |
| LAD/Ao | 1.32 ± 0.14 | 1.25 ± 0.25 | 1.29 ± 0.14 | nd |
| Peak A (m/s) | 0.49 ± 0.16 | 0.43 ± 0.11 | 0.49 ± 0.11 | 2.64 |
| Peak AR (m/s) | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.04† ‡ | 6.59 |
| Adur (ms) | 58 ± 7.0 | 58 ± 7.0 | 56 ± 5.0 | nd |
| ARdur (ms) | 38 ± 4.0 | 36 ± 5.0 | 40 ± 5.0 | nd |
| Adur/ARdur | 1.53 ± 0.28 | 1.63 ± 0.34 | 1.44 ± 0.11 | 8.01 |
| Peak Aa sept (cm/s) | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 2.3 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 2.17 |
| Peak Aa lat (cm/s) | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 14.7 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance
Significant (P <0.05) differences between Ace/But and baseline
Significant (P <0.05) differences between Ace/But/Ket and baseline
Significant (P <0.05) differences between Ace/But/Ket and Ace/But Ace = acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg IM), But = butorphanol (0.25 mg/kg IM), Ket = ketamine (1.5 mg/kg IV), CV = coefficient of variation (recording variability), nd = not determined, LADmax = maximum left atrial septal-to-free wall dimension, LA-FS = left atrial fractional shortening, LAAmax = maximum left atrial area, LA-FAC = left atrial fractional area change, LAD = short-axis left atrial diameter in diastole, Ao = short axis aortic diameter in diastole, LAD/Ao = ratio between LAD to Ao, Peak A = peak velocity of late diastolic transmitral flow, Peak AR = peak velocity of pulmonary vein reversal flow at atrial contraction, A duration = duration of A, AR duration = duration of AR, Adur/ARdur = ratio between duration of A to duration of AR, Peak Aa = peak late diastolic velocity of mitral valve annulus motion, sept = measured at septal mitral annulus, lat = measured at lateral mitral annulus