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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Nov 30;83(1):109–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.017

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

AF Stages: Evolution of Atrial Arrhythmia Progression *Heart failure, valve disease, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neuromuscular disorders, thyroid disease. Original figure created by the 2023 Atrial Fibrillation Guideline Writing Committee. AF indicates atrial fibrillation.