| COR | LOE | RECOMMENDATIONS |
|---|---|---|
| 2a | B-R | 1. For patients with AF who are undergoing cardiac surgery, concomitant surgical ablation can be beneficial to reduce the risk of recurrent AF.1-3 |
| 2a | B-NR | 2. In patients undergoing surgical ablation, anticoagulation therapy is reasonable for at least 3 months after the procedure to reduce the risk of stroke or systemic embolism.2-4 |
| 2b | B-R | 3. For patients with symptomatic, persistent AF refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy, a hybrid epicardial and endocardial ablation might be reasonable to reduce the risk of recurrent atrial arrhythmia.5-7 |
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