Table 4.

Novel ICP targets in PCa therapy

ICPs	Receptor expression	Clinico-pathologic association with marker overexpression	Clinical development in PCa	References
LaG-3	PB T cell, TIL	Malignancy	Phase II and I	[71, 94]
4-1BB	T cell, NK cell, DC	Survival and CTL response	Preclinical	[73, 91]
OX-40	T cell, NK cell, NKT cell, neutrophil	-	Phase I/II	[18, 84]
B7-H3	Tumor cell, DC	High expression: PCa progression, resistance to ADT	Phase I	[86, 95]
VISTA	Infiltrated DC, naïve T cell, FOXP3+CD4+Treg cell	High expression: resistance to anti-CTLA-4	Preclinical	[35, 96]
TIM-3	Infiltrated T cell, T reg cell, certain tissues	High expression: advance disease stage, poor prognosis marker	Preclinical	[97, 98]
ICOS	T cell Treg cell	High expression: effective response to anti-CTLA-4 High expression: inducing immunosuppression	Preclinical	[99, 100]