Overview of PHB signaling. Post-translational modifications and endogenous ligands (sphingosine-1-phosphate, DNA and long noncoding RNA) regulate the intracellular localization of PHBs along with their interactions with signaling proteins such as the kinases AMPK, C-RAF, IKK, MLK2, the phosphatases Shp 1/2 or the scaffold protein 14-3-3