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. 2020 May 1;77(22):4459–4483. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03536-5

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Maintenance of cellular homeostasis through inducers and scavengers of ROS. ROS can be produced by mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, hypoxia, metabolism, ER stress, cyclooxygenase and oncogenes including HRAS, FLT3-ITD, BCR-ABL, AKT, NF-kB, STAT3 and STAT5. On the other hand, ROS can be eliminated via activation of the dietary antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, catalase, NRF2, NADPH, SOD and tumor suppressor gnes including BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN, FXOP3 and ATM