Fig. 5.

Link between neurological disorders, DNA damage and the cell cycle. Neurological disease may lead to excitotoxicity and protein aggregation, which both induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in turn leading to double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) that trigger cell cycle re-entry and activation of the DNA repair system. If the DNA damage cannot be repaired, however, overactivation of E2F will lead to cell cycle progression and apoptosis