Table 2.

Cargos of EndoEVs and their effects on atherosclerosis

Cargo	Type	Ev carrier	Role in atherosclerosis	References
miRNA	miR-10a	Exosome	Reduced inflammation through downregulation of proinflammatory genes BTRC, MAP3K7, IRAK4	[94]
	miR-126	Apoptotic EMV	Transfer to HCAECs down regulates SPRED1 expression, mediating vascular homeostasis	[77]
	miR-126	ApoBD	Promotion of recruitment of progenitor cells via chemokine signalling, regulating in plaque stability and limiting apoptosis	[23]
	miR-143/145	EMV	Reduced in atherosclerotic lesion formation in KLF2-expressing endothelial cells	[99]
	miR-222	Apoptotic EMV	Transfer to HCAECs downregulates ICAM-1 expression, mediating vascular homeostasis	[88]
Protein	HSP70	Exosome	Induction of monocyte activation and endothelial cell adhesion	[102]
	Tissue Factor	Apoptotic EMV	Promotion of thrombus formation through procoagulant effects	[72]
	Activated protein C	EMV	Anticoagulant activity through protein C pathway signalling	[121]
	Cytokines e.g. IL-1α	ApoBD	Introduction of chemokine production in monocytes, contributing to inflammation	[24]
	Adhesion molecules e.g. ICAM-1, E-Selectin	Apoptotic EMV	Promotion of adhesion to vasculature, procoagulant activity	[72]
Lipid	Oxidised phospholipid	Apoptotic EMV	Stimulation of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, promoting atherogenesis	[114]
	PtdSer	EMV	Associated with impaired coronary vasorelaxation, thereby dysregulating endothelial function	[31]