Fig. 3.

Mechanistic model of vGAF-mediated gene regulation. a vGAF molecules tethered to promoters (orange arrows) can recruit diverse proteins (red and green ovals) through heterologous protein interaction that can result in either gene activation or repression. b vGAF containing protein complexes assembled at DRE (green bars)/promoter (orange arrows) can interact through vGAF dimerization or through heterologous protein interaction between vGAF and other proteins. This may result in activation or repression at the promoter, based on the nature of the DRE involved. c vGAF molecules tethered to the insulator element (red bars) can come close and form dimers, thereby bringing these insulator elements together. This interaction between insulators results in looping out of the intervening DNA sequence, which can form a chromatin domain wherein possible interactions within the loop are allowed, while the interaction from outside of the loop is not allowed