The interaction between HCC cells and microenvironment via exosomal ncRNAs. As functional contents, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in both tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) and non-TDEs participate in the communication between HCC cells and tumor microenvironment to promote HCC progression. Exosomal ncRNAs could promote tumor growth and invasion (miR-584, miR-93, lncRNA TUC339, decreased miR-125a/b), initiate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) (lncRNA FAL1, decreased miR-320a), increase vascular permeability (miR-103), activate CAFs to form the pre-metastatic niche (miR-21, miR-1247-3p), affect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seeding (miR-25-5p), promote tumor angiogenesis (miR-210, lncRNA H19), induce immunosuppressive (lncRNA TUC339), mediate drug resistance (linc-ROR, linc-VLDLR, miR-32-5p), etc.