Table 1.
Characteristics of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 in humans
| 11β-HSD1 | 11β-HSD2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene | HSD11B1 | HSD11B2 |
| Chromosome | 1q32 | 16q22 |
| Number of exons | 6 | 5 |
| Promoter | Consensus CAAT box, no TATA box | Rich in CpG, no TATA box |
| Molecular weight | 34 kD | 44 kD |
| Number of amino acids | 292 | 406 |
| Reaction type | Reductase | Oxidase |
| Co-factor | NADPH | NAD+ |
| Affinity | Low (Km: μM) | High (Km: nM) |
| Substrate | Cortisone | Cortisol |
| Product | Cortisol | Cortisone |
| Effect on glucocorticoids | Amplification | Inactivation |
| Distribution in the body | Glucocorticoid-target tissues | Mineralocorticoid-target tissues |
| Co-localization | Glucocorticoid receptor | Mineralocorticoid receptor |
| Distribution in the intrauterine tissues | Amnion and chorion of the fetal membranes; stromal and epithelial cells of the decidua, endothelial cells of the fetal blood vessels in the villous core | Placental villous syncytiotrophoblast, decidual epithelial cells |