Table 2.
Exosomal cargos detected in lung cancer and clinical relevance
| Exosomal Cargos | Parental cells | Recipient cells | Target | Biological/clinical relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) miRNA | |||||
| miR-9 | H1299 cells | Endothelial cells | SOCS5 | Promoted endothelial cell migration and tumour angiogenesis | [100] |
| miR-23a | CL1-5 cells | Endothelial cells | PHD1 PHD2 | Increased endothelial permeability and cancer cells transendothelial migration | [102] |
| miR-21 | CSE-transformed HBECs | Normal HBECs | VEGF | Facilitated angiogenesis | [103] |
| miR-210 | A549L cells | HUVECs | TIMP-1 | Increased vascularization in A549L-derived tumour xenografts | [150] |
| miR-23a | (TGF)-β-treated A549 cells | A549 cells | TCF4/β-catenin | EMT | [105] |
|
miR-21 miR-29a |
A549 cells | Immune cells | TLRs | Led to tumor growth and metastasis | [113] |
| miR-142-3p |
H1437 H2073 |
Endothelial and fibroblast cells | TGFβR1(endothelial cells) | Promoted angiogenesis in endothelial cells; facilitated the CAFs transformation in lung fibroblast cells | [115] |
| miR-223 | Platelets | A549 cells | EPB41L3 | Promoted A549 cells invasion | [123] |
| miR-21 | A549 cells | Osteoclast progenitor cells | PDCD4 | Promoted osteoclastogenesis | [127] |
| miR-21 | H827R cells | HCC827 cells | Led to gefitinib resistance in HCC827 cells | [129] | |
| miR-214 | PC-9GR cells | PC9cells | Mediated gefitinib resistance | [132] | |
| (2) Protein | |||||
| EGFR | A549 cells | Endothelial cells | VEGF | Facilitated tumor angiogenesis | [101] |
| Vimentin | PC14HM cells | HBECs | EMT | [110] | |
| HSP70 | A549 cells | MSCs | TLR2 | Induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in MSCs | [111] |
| KIT | Mast cells | A549 cells | cyclin D1 | Accelerated the proliferation of A549 cells | [112] |
| CD41 | Platelets | A549 cells | cyclin D2 | Facilitated lung cancer cells proliferation | [114] |
| EGFR | Lung cancer cells | DCs | Suppressed tumor specific CD8 + T cells | [120] | |
| MMP3 | Adipocytes | 3LL cells | Promoted 3LL cells invasion | [125] | |
| AREG | CRL-2868 | Osteoclasts |
MMP9 TRAP |
Triggered osteolytic bone metastasis | [126] |
| S100A16 | SCLC cells | HBMECs | PHB-1 | Facilitated SCLC cells brain metastasis | [128] |
| (3) lncRNA | |||||
| lnc-MMP2-2 | (TGF)-β-treated A549 cells | A549 cells | MMP2 | Regulated vascular permeability and lung cancer invasion | [104] |
| RP11-838N2.4 |
HCC4006/R HCC827/R |
HCC4006 HCC827 |
FOXO1 | Reduced resistance to erlotinib treatment | [130] |
| lncRNA H19 |
HCC4006/R HCC827/R |
HCC4006 HCC827 |
Induced resistance to gefitinib treatment | [133] | |
SOCS5 suppressor of cytokine signaling 5, PHD1 and 2 prolyl hydroxylase 1 and 2, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, CSE cigarette smoke extract, (MMP)2-2 lnc-matrix metalloproteinase, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, HBECs human bronchial epithelial cells, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, TLR2 Toll-like receptor 2, Lnc-MMP-2-2 lnc-matrix metalloproteinase, TLRs Toll-like receptors, CD41 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, CAFs cancer-associated fibroblast, DCs dendritic cells, EPB41L3 the 3′UTR of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3, 3LL Lewis lung cancer cells, AREG EGFR binds amphiregulin, MMP9 matrix metalloproteinases 9, TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, HBMECs human brain microvascular endothelial cells, PHB-1 prohibitin-1, FOXO1 forkhead box protein O1