Fig. 1.

Target organs of cardiomyokines. Cardiomyokines act on blood vessels, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Cardiomyocyte-derived osteocrin (Ostn) might act on bone in zebrafish. Cardiokines exert biological functions (cardiovascular homeostasis and metabolic actions) in an endocrine manner (black arrows) and in an autocrine/paracrine manner (blue arrow). CST catestatin, ET1 endothelin 1, FA fatty acid, FGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21, FSTL1 follistatin-like 1, Mmp2 matrix metalloproteinase 2, NP natriuretic peptide, sPLA ₂ secreted phospholipase A₂, RAAS renin angiotensin aldosterone system, VS1 vasostatin 1, WAT white adipose tissue