Fig. 6.

Palmitate modulates BMAL1 activity and expression. a Luciferase activity. AVP-luc was co-transfected with Bmal1 and Clock and AML-12 hepatocytes were treated with palmitate, oleate or BSA (control). Luciferase activity was normalized to β–galactosidase activity (n = 12). b AcBMAL1/BMAL1 protein ratio. AML-12 hepatocytes were treated with palmitate, oleate or BSA (control) (n = 6). c Luciferase activity. Bmal1-luc was co-transfected with Per2 or Rev-erbα. d Luciferase activity. Bmal1-luc transfected cells were treated with palmitate, oleate or BSA (control) (n = 12). e Luciferase activity. Bmal1-luc was co-transfected with Per2 and cells were treated with palmitate, oleate or BSA (control) (n = 12). f Luciferase activity. Bmal1-luc was co-transfected with Rev-erbα and cells were treated with palmitate, oleate or BSA (control) (n = 9). Different letters denote significant difference (p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD); asterisks denote significant difference (p < 0.05, Student’s t test)