Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants in the NGT and T2D groups
| Characteristics of study participants | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| NGT | T2D | P-value | |
| Gender | 44 (% females) | 42 (% females) | ns |
| Age (years) | 57.8 ± 4.5 (n = 100) | 58.7 ± 4.4 (n = 100) | ns |
| Weight (kg) | 94.3 ± 17.6 (n = 100) | 94.6 ± 18.7 (n = 100) | ns |
| Height (cm) | 174.2 ± 10 (n = 100) | 173.6 ± 8.4 (n = 100) | ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 4.1 (n = 100) | 31.2 ± 5.1 (n = 100) | ns |
| Waist (cm) | 104 ± 12.7 (n = 100) | 108.9 ± 13.6 (n = 100) | 0.01 |
| Hip (cm) | 111 ± 9.6 (n = 100) | 109.2 ± 10.4 (n = 100) | ns |
| whr | 0.9 ± 0.1 (n = 100) | 1 ± 0.1 (n = 100) | 5.2e−6 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131 ± 17.9 (n = 100) | 133.2 ± 17.0 (n = 99) | ns |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 10.7 (n = 100) | 81.8 ± 10.4 (n = 99) | ns |
| Hb (g/L) | 142.8 ± 10.9 (n = 99) | 146.1 ± 12.0 (n = 98) | 0.05 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 0.5 (n = 96) | 8.3 ± 3.0 (n = 100) | 1.5e−15 |
| OGTT 2 h BG (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 1.1 (n = 100) | 13.8 ± 1.5 (n = 26) | 2.6e−22 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 26.3 ± 26.0 (n = 100) | 38.1 ± 41.1 (n = 100) | 0.02 |
| HbA1c (%) | 34.9 ± 3.1 (n = 100) | 48.8 ± 17.4 (n = 98) | 4.6e−12 |
| HOMA_IR | 2 ± 1.2 (n = 96) | 4.3 ± 3.1 (n = 100) | 8.8e−11 |
| TyG_index | 4.7 ± 0.2 (n = 96) | 5 ± 0.3 (n = 98) | 9.3e−13 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.7 (n = 100) | 1.9 ± 1.2 (n = 98) | 9.2e−5 |
| Total Chol (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 1.0 (n = 100) | 5.4 ± 1.0 (n = 98) | ns |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.8 ± 0.9 (n = 100) | 3.6 ± 0.9 (n = 98) | ns |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.4 (n = 100) | 1.3 ± 0.4 (n = 98) | 6.5e−5 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.2 ± 2.7 (n = 100) | 3.5 ± 2.7 (n = 98) | 0.001 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 5.8 ± 1.4 (n = 99) | 6.4 ± 2.4 (n = 98) | 0.04 |
| Neut (×109/L) | 3.4 ± 1.0 (n = 99) | 3.8 ± 1.3 (n = 97) | 0.02 |
| Mono (×109/L) | 0.4 ± 0.1 (n = 99) | 0.4 ± 0.1 (n = 97) | ns |
| EOS (×109/L) | 0.2 ± 0.1 (n = 99) | 0.2 ± 0.1 (n = 97) | ns |
| Lymph (×109/L) | 1.9 ± 0.5 (n = 99) | 1.9 ± 0.5 (n = 97) | ns |
| Statin | 4 (% av all) | 12 (% of all) | ns |
| PPI | 53 (% of all) | 54 (% of all) | ns |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, the n for each parameter is indicated within the parenthesis, Gender is presented as the percentage of females in the group, statin and PPI are presented as the percentage of users in the group. P-values indicate differences between the NGT and T2D group analyzed with two-tailed Mann–Whitney using Benjamini and Hochberg adjusted p-values.
Chol cholesterol, CRP C-reactive protein, DBP diastolic blood pressure, Eos eosinophils, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, Lymph lymphocytes, Mono monocytes, NGT normal glucose tolerance, Neut neutrophils, OGTT 2 h BG blood glucose at 2 h after oral glucose tolerance test, PPI proton-pump inhibitor, SBP systolic blood pressure, T2D Type 2 diabetes, TG triglycerides, TyG triglyceride-glucose index, WBC white blood cells, whr waist-to-hip ratio.