Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics and preoperative data.
| Before PSM | After PSM | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MICS group (n = 163) |
MS group (n = 1,057) |
SMD | MICS group (n = 149) |
MS group (n = 149) |
SMD | |
| Age, mean ± SD years | 65.2 ± 7.9 | 65.3 ± 8.3 | 0.016 | 65.1 ± 8.1 | 65.9 ± 8.5 | 0.091 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 118 (72.4) | 632 (59.8) | 0.269 | 105 (70.5) | 96 (64.4) | −0.129 |
| BMI, mean ± SD kg/m2 | 22.7 ± 3.6 | 23.2 ± 3.9 | 0.133 | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 22.3 ± 3.1 | −0.139 |
| NYHA class ≧Ⅲ, n (%) | 24 (14.7) | 400 (37.8) | 0.544 | 24 (16.1) | 18 (12.1) | −0.116 |
| STS SCORE, median [IQR] | 1.56 [0.90–2.50] | 1.82 [1.11–3.28] | 0.229 | 1.57 [1.00–2.50] | 1.58 [1.03–2.59] | −0.014 |
| Euro SCORE, median [IQR] | 1.39 [0.94–2.36] | 1.87 [1.10–3.80] | 0.299 | 1.40 [0.97–2.63] | 1.68 [1.06–2.70] | 0.086 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 160 (98.2) | 1,037 (98.1) | 0.004 | 146 (98.0) | 145 (97.3) | −0.044 |
| Hypertension | 161 (98.8) | 1,042 (98.6) | 0.017 | 147 (98.7) | 147 (98.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80 (49.1) | 534 (5.5) | 0.029 | 74 (49.6) | 72 (48.3) | −0.027 |
| Chronic renal disease (Cr ≧ 1.5 ng/dl) | 22 (13.5) | 213 (20.2) | 0.179 | 21 (14.1) | 25 (16.8) | 0.074 |
| Dialysis | 18 (11.0) | 124 (11.7) | 0.022 | 17 (11.4) | 24 (16.1) | 0.136 |
| COPD | 9 (5.5) | 113 (10.7) | 0.190 | 8 (5.4) | 11 (7.4) | 0.082 |
| Cerebral vascular accident | 11 (6.7) | 74 (7.0) | 0.010 | 11 (7.4) | 10 (6.7) | −0.026 |
| PAD | 11 (6.7) | 139 (13.2) | 0.215 | 11 (7.4) | 12 (8.1) | 0.025 |
| STEMI | 23 (14.1) | 167 (15.8) | 0.050 | 23 (15.4) | 19 (12.8) | −0.077 |
| Recent myocardial infarction | 90 (55.2) | 560 (53.0) | 0.045 | 81 (54.4) | 77 (51.7) | −0.054 |
| Double vessel disease | 70 (42.9) | 97 (9.2) | 0.833 | 56 (37.6) | 51 (34.2) | −0.070 |
| Triple vessel disease | 93 (57.1) | 951 (90.0) | 0.804 | 93 (62.4) | 97 (65.1) | 0.056 |
| Left main trunk lesions | 74 (45.4) | 407 (38.5) | 0.140 | 61 (43.9) | 61 (43.9) | −0.014 |
| Preoperation PCI | 13 (8.0) | 94 (8.9) | 0.033 | 12 (8.1) | 10 (6.7) | −0.051 |
| Preoperation IABP | 7 (4.3) | 208 (19.7) | 0.490 | 7 (4.7) | 7 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography | ||||||
| LVEF, mean ± SD % | 55.4 ± 12.7 | 49.4 ± 16.5 | 0.403 | 54.6 ± 12.8 | 56.1 ± 14.6 | 0.109 |
| Urgency, n (%) | ||||||
| Elective | 140 (85.9) | 790 (74.7) | 0.283 | 129 (84.6) | 129 (86.6) | 0.057 |
| Urgent | 23 (14.1) | 255 (24.1) | 0.257 | 22 (14.8) | 20 (13.4) | −0.038 |
| Emergent | 0 (0) | 6 (0.6) | 0.107 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Salvage | 2 (1.2) | 11 (1.0) | 0.018 | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | >0.99 |
BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; Euro SCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pumping; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.