Table 1.
Baseline features of recruited patients according to the three group allocations.
| CTHF (n = 15) | CTLF (n = 15) | Control (n = 15) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 63.4 ± 13.2 | 64.0 ± 11.9 | 63.7 ± 12.7 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.9 ± 6.4 | 28.2 ± 7.2 | 27.5 ± 6.6 |
| Males, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 10 (66.6) | 11/4 (73.3) |
| Previous STEMI/NSTEMI-UA, n (%) | 9 (60.0)/7 (46.6) | 11/6 (40.0) | 10 (66.6)/5 (33.3) |
| Previous CABG/PCI, n (%) | 9 (60.0)/12 (80.0) | 8 (53.3)/13 (86.6) | 7 (46.6)/13 (86.6) |
| Multivessel disease, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 11 (73.3) | 10 (66.6) |
| Carotid artery disease, n (%) | 7 (46.6) | 6 (40.0) | 6 (40.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 13 (86.6) | 15 (100.0) | 12 (80.0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (26.6) | 3 (20.0) | 3 (20.0) |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 15 (100.0) | 14 (93.3) | 15 (100.0) |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 78.3 ± 11.6 | 72.8 ± 14.1 | 75.7 ± 13.8 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126.6 ± 34.0 | 125.8 ± 27.4 | 126.1 ± 30.9 |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.2 ± 14.7 | 83.6 ± 14.4 | 82.8 ± 15.3 |
| HR, b/min | 67.4 ± 11.6 | 64.6 ± 13.2 | 66.1 ± 11.8 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 97.4 ± 11.8 | 89.9 ± 13.8 | 94.5 ± 16.2 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEDV, mm3/m2 | 66.6.3 ± 22.3 | 67.9 ± 17.4 | 68.7 ± 18.8 |
| LVESD, mm3/m2 | 36.7 ± 12.3 | 37.1 ± 14.6 | 37.6 ± 13.7 |
| LVEF, % | 55.3 ± 8.4 | 54.6 ± 7.2 | 54.3 ± 11.8 |
| LVGLS, % | −17.3 ± 4.8 | −18.5 ± 4.1 | −17.7 ± 5.1 |
| E/E′ | 9.1 ± 2.0 | 8.7 ± 1.8 | 8.8–1 ± 2.2 |
| LAVI, mm3/m2 | 27.8 ± 7.4 | 26.6 ± 6.6 | 28.4 ± 8.7 |
| MR mild/moderate, n (%) | 8 (53.3)/4 (26.6) | 9 (60.0)/5 (33.3) | 8 (53.3)/3 (20.0) |
| PALS, % | 14.0 ± 4.6 | 13.8 ± 2.9 | 14.2 ± 3.1 |
| PACS, % | 12.5 ± 3.9 | 12.1 ± 3.4 | 12.6 ± 3.2 |
| Treatment | |||
| ACE-i/ARBs, n (%) | 14 (93.3) | 15 (100.0) | 13 (86.6) |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 14 (93.3) | 14 (93.3) | 15 (100) |
| MRAs, n (%) | 8 (53.3) | 6 (40.0) | 7 (46.6) |
| Ivabradine, n (%) | 4 (26.6) | 3 (20.0) | 6 (40.0) |
| Statins, n (%) | 15 (100.0) | 14 (93.3) | 13 (86.6) |
| CCAs, n (%) | 7 (46.6) | 9 (60.0) | 7 (46.6) |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 15 (100.0) | 14 (93.3) | 14 (93.3) |
| Clopidogrel | 3 (20.0) | 4 (26.6) | 3 (20.0) |
BMI, body mass index; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI-UA, no ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction—unstable angina; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular rate filtration; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LVGCS, left ventricular global circumferential strain; MR, mitral regurgitation; PALS, peak atrial longitudinal strain; PACS, peak atrial contraction strain; ACE-Is, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; MRAs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; CCAs, calcium channel antagonists.