Table 3. Comparisons of phenotypes of ATTR-CM according to diagnostic eras.
| Characteristics | 2010–2013 (n = 8) | 2014–2017 (n = 22) | 2018–2021 (n = 75) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 57.2 ± 11.9 | 65.2 ± 10.5 | 71.8 ± 13.5 | < 0.001 | |
| Male | 8 (100.0) | 12 (54.5) | 49 (65.3) | 0.067 | |
| Wild-type ATTR-CM | 1 (12.5) | 4 (18.2) | 39 (52.0) | 0.004 | |
| Variant ATTR-CM | 7 (87.5) | 18 (81.8) | 36 (48.0) | 0.004 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 19.2 ± 3.3 | 20.8 ± 3.6 | 23.1 ± 3.6 | 0.002 | |
| Body surface area, /m2 | 1.6 ± 0.20 | 1.57 ± 0.23 | 1.63 ± 0.20 | 0.532 | |
| CAD | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.5) | 14 (18.7) | 0.122 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.1) | 16 (21.3) | 0.166 | |
| Hypertension | 1 (12.5) | 4 (18.2) | 34 (45.3) | 0.022 | |
| Stroke | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.1) | 9 (12.0) | 0.558 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (25.0) | 5 (22.7) | 17 (22.7) | 0.989 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.1) | 26 (34.7) | 0.012 | |
| Duration of symptoms before diagnosis, yr | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 2.9 | 2.1 ± 3.6 | 0.571 | |
| NYHA class | |||||
| I/II | 2 (25.0) | 19 (86.4) | 44 (58.7) | 0.005 | |
| III/IV | 6 (75.0) | 3 (13.6) | 17 (22.7) | 0.002 | |
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Cardiac biopsy | 7 (87.5) | 19 (86.4) | 48 (64.0) | 0.071 | |
| Non cardiac biopsy | 1 (12.5) | 3 (13.6) | 11 (14.7) | 0.982 | |
| Bone scan (non-invasive) | 2 (25.0) | 7 (31.8) | 74 (98.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 92.0 ± 8.5 | 101.1 ± 12.8 | 113.4 ± 15.9 | < 0.001 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 60.3 ± 5.3 | 66.1 ± 9.4 | 67.4 ± 12.1 | 0.230 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 3,322 (470–10,471) | 2,048 (1,726–2,803) | 1,502 (492–3,452) | 0.242 | |
| Troponin T, pg/mL | 87.0 (69.0–NA) | 44.0 (30.5–28.3) | 54.0 (26.3–75.5) | 0.504 | |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 87.6 ± 33.6 | 83.5 ± 28.8 | 74.5 ± 21.9 | 0.156 | |
| Cardiac device | |||||
| Permanent pacemaker | 3 (37.5) | 5 (22.7) | 8 (10.7) | 0.073 | |
| ICD | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.5) | 2 (2.7) | 0.790 | |
| CRT | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.817 | |
| ECG | |||||
| Pseudo-infarct ECG | 2 (25.0) | 5 (22.7) | 4 (5.3) | 0.024 | |
| Any blocks | 4 (50.0) | 13 (59.1) | 23 (30.7) | 0.042 | |
| Low/decreased QRS voltage | 1 (12.5) | 3 (13.6) | 11 (14.7) | 0.982 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0.0) | 4 (18.2) | 11 (14.7) | 0.446 | |
| Extra-cardiac symptoms | |||||
| Polyneuropathy | 7 (87.5) | 17 (77.3) | 50 (66.7) | 0.345 | |
| Autonomic neuropathy | 6 (75.0) | 13 (59.1) | 36 (48.0) | 0.270 | |
| Bilateral CTS | 1 (12.5) | 6 (27.3) | 31 (41.3) | 0.169 | |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis | 2 (25.0) | 7 (31.8) | 19 (25.3) | 0.828 | |
| Rotator cuff tendon tear | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0.575 | |
Values are presented as number (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables.
ATTR-CM = transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, CAD = coronary artery disease, NYHA = New York Heart Association, NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NA = not applicable, GFR = glomerular filtration rate, ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator, CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy, ECG = electrocardiogram, CTS = carpal tunnel syndrome.