Table 2.
Top biological functions identified by IPA software based on differentially abundant proteins
| Treatment1/Functions annotation |
P-value (z-score2) |
Proteins associated with function |
|---|---|---|
| CTL vs. FLX | ||
| Concentration of lipid |
0.002 (0.644) |
CASP2, FABP3, FKBP4, GBA1, ICMT, NQO1, SAR1B, SLC6A11, SPP1 |
| Concentration of triacylglycerol |
0.004 (–0.046) |
CASP2, FKBP4, NQO1, SAR1B, SPP1 |
| Fatty acid metabolism |
0.0003 (1.318) |
CYP2S1, FABP3, FABP7, GBA1, NQO1, SAR1B, SLC6A11, VAMP7 |
| Synthesis of ROS |
0.02 (1.295) |
ATG16L1, CD44, NQO1, PECAM1, SPP1 |
| Inflammation of organ |
0.00001 (0.364) |
ATG16L1, CA2, CASP2, CD44, CTSH, FKBP4, GBA1, GFAP, NQO1, PECAM1, RFTN1, RNF128, S100A4, SAR1B, SPP1, TKT |
| Inflammation of absolute anatomical region |
0.0005 (0.102) |
ATG16L1, CA2, CASP2, CD44, GBA1, GFAP, NQO1, PECAM1, RFTN1, RNF128, S100A4, SAR1B, SLC15A1, SPP1, TKT |
| Inflammation of body cavity |
0.002 (0.78) |
ATG16L1, CASP2, CD44, NQO1, PECAM1, RNF128, S100A4, SAR1B, SPP1, TKT |
| FO vs. CTL | ||
| Concentration of fatty acid |
0.02 (–1.49) |
CLN3, FABP3, NOS2, PTGS2 |
| Fatty acid metabolism |
0.01 (0.44) |
CLN3, FABP3, FABP7, MAPK9, NOS2, PTGS2 |
| FO vs. FLX | ||
| Synthesis of lipid |
0.03 (–1.205) |
AKR1B1, FABP5, LPCAT1, LPIN2, SGPP1, YWHAG |
| Concentration of lipid |
0.006 (0.277) |
AKR1B1, FABP5, FUCA1, LIMA1, LPCAT1, RBP4, SGPP1 |
| Synthesis of ROS |
0.01 (–0.323) |
AHSP, AKR1B1, CFH, CTTN, GPX3, RBP4 |
| Production of ROS |
0.04 (–0.152) |
AHSP, AKR1B1, CTTN, RBP4 |
| Inflammation of absolute anatomical region |
0.04 (–0.651) |
CA2, CAST, CFH, CTTN, DYM, EEF1E1, GPX3, ITFG1, NT5E, RBP4, SGPP1 |
1Dairy cows at d 257 of pregnancy were divided into three nutritional groups supplemented with (i) CTL – encapsulated saturated fat, (ii) FLX – encapsulated flaxseed oil providing ALA, or (iii) FO – encapsulated fish oil providing EPA and DHA.
2z-score represents the inferred activation (z-score > 0) or inhibition (z‐score < 0)
AHSP Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein, AKR1B1 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1, ATG16L1 Autophagy related 16 like 1, CA2 Carbonic anhydrase 2, CASP2 Caspase 2, CD44 CD44 antigen, CFH Complement factor H, CLN3 Battenin, CTSH Cathepsin H, CTTN Cortactin, CYP2S1 Cytochrome P450, DYM Dymeclin, FABP3 Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, FABP5 Epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein, epidermal, FABP7 Brain-type fatty acid-binding protein, brain, FKBP4 Peptidylprolyl isomerase, GBA1 Glucosylceramidase Beta 1, GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein,GPX3 Glutathione peroxidase 3, ICMT Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase, LPCAT1 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, LPIN2 phosphatidate phosphatase, MAPK9 Stress-activated protein kinase JNK, NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, NOS2 Nitric oxide synthase, PECAM1 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PTGS2 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, RBP4 Retinol-binding protein 4, RFTN1 Raftlin, lipid raft linker 1, RNF128 Ring finger protein 128, S100A4 S100 calcium-binding protein A4, SAR1B GTP-binding protein SAR1b, SGPP1 Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1, SLC15A1 Solute carrier family 15 member 1, SLC6A11 Transporter, SPP1 Secreted phosphoprotein 1, TKT Transketolase, VAMP7 Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7, YWHAG Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase. ROS Reactive oxygen species