Table 2.
Main associations between PhA and variables indicated in the studies
| Study | Tumour characteristics | PhA vs Age and/or gender | PhA vs other variables | Statistical method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castanho et al. 2013 [44] | LC stage IB to IIIB | age (r = -0.32) | Tumour size (r = -0.55; p < 0.001); KPS (r = 0.44; P < 0.05) | Pearson’s correlation |
| Detopoulou et al. 2022 [40] | NSCLC stage III and IV | NI | Lean mass (kg) (rho = 0.247, p = 0.02); dietary pattern rich in potatoes, meat and poultry (rho = 0.254, p = 0.02); MDS (rho = 0.251; p = 0.02) | Spearman’s correlation |
| Detopoulou et al. 2022 [41] | NSCLC stage III and IV | NI | Weight change (kg) (rho = − 0.01; p = 0.9); BMI (rho = − 0.02; p = 0.8); Waist Circumference Change (rho = − 0.08; p = 0.4); Lean Mass Change (rho = 0.201; p = 0.07) | Spearman’s correlation |
| Gupta et al. 2009 [34] | NSCLC stage III and IV | NI | Survival for PhA ≤ 5.3 (r = 7.6; p = 0.02); Survival for PhA > 5.3 (r = 12.4; p = 0.02); less survival for lower PhA (RR = 0.79; (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.97, p = 0.02) |
Univariate Kaplan–Meier survival analysis Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model |
| Hui et al. 2014 [35] | LC stage not specified | NI | Survival (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–0.99; p = 0 .04) | Multivariate Cox Regression analysis |
| Ji et al. 2021 [36] | NSCLC stage not specified | age (r = -0.238 p = < 0.001) | SMI (r = 0.463; p < 0.001); BMI (r = 0.450; p < 0.001); CC (r = 0.405; p < 0.001); HGS (r = 0.354; p < 0.001); sarcopenia (OR 0.309, 95% CI, 0.246 0.617; p < 0.001) |
Pearson's correlations Univariate logistic regression analysis |
| Navigante et al. 2013 [37] | NSCLC stage not specified | NI | HGS (p = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.3843 to 0, 9717) | Mann–Whitney test |
| Sánchez-Lara et al. 2012 [38] | NSCLC stage III and IV | NI | Survival for PhA ≤ 5.8° (p = 0.032); OS (HR: 3.02; 95% CI, 1.2–7.11; p = 0.011) |
Kaplan–Meier method Cox proportional hazards models |
| Shi et al. 2022 [39] | adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, SCLC and other type of LC stage from I to IV |
Men age (r = − 0.46, p < 0.001) Women age (r = − 0.24, p < 0.001) |
NRS-2002 (men, R = − 0.25, p < 0.001; women, R = − 0.15, p < 0.001); survival (men p = 0.019 and women p = 0.121); mortality in men (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.95, p = 0.015) |
Logistic regression models Kaplan–Meier method |
| Suzuki et al. 2023 [43] | LC stage not specified | age (r = -0.51; p < 0.001) | BMI (rho = 0.29; p < 0.001); SMM (rho = 0.47; p < 0.001), Haemoglobin (rho = 0.33; p < 0.001), Albumin (rho = 0.33; p < 0.001), TLC (rho = 0.17; p < 0.001), PNI (rho = 0.32; p < 0.001) | Spearman’s correlation |
| Toso et al. 2000 [42] | NSCLC stage III and IV | NI | Survival for PhA ≤ 4.5° (p = 0.01); survival (OR = 1.25; 95% CI:1.01 to 1.55; p = 0.04) |
Kaplan–Meier method Cox proportional hazards models |
PhA Phase Angle, LC lung cancer, KPS Karnofski Performance Status, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, SCLC small cell lung cancer, BIA Bioelectrical impedance, HGS Handgrip-test, NI Not investigated, OS Overall Survival, NRS-2002 Nutritional Risk Score-2002, PNI Prognostic Nutritional Index, MDS Mediterranean diet score, TLC total lymphocite count, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, CC calf circumference