Figure 2.

Theoretical framework and article overview. Brain connectivity is depicted at the bottom of the pyramid, reflecting an infrastructure for brain activity and higher cognition. The right-hand side highlights topics that are discussed in this article in relation to each pyramid level. First, we review evidence for the predictability of brain activity from structural and functional connectivity. With regard to functional connectivity, in Box 1 we discuss resting-state versus naturalistic paradigms. Then, we consider the applicability of connectome-based prediction of brain activity to clinical populations (i.e., psychiatric disorders and neurologic diseases). At the highest level, we address the contribution of connectivity and connectivity-derived activation maps to the prediction of individual behavioral traits (e.g., cognitive or psychological). In Box 2 we highlight the possible advantages of complex connectome representations for brain–behavior association studies.