Table 1.

Experimental and clinical evidence of the anticancer effects of antithrombotic agents

Drug	Target	Effect	References
Aspirin	COX-1	Reduction of cancer incidence and death, in RCTs Anti-metastatic effect in a mouse model of hematogenous metastasis	[98, 118, 119]
Monoclonal antibody MoAb	GPIIb/IIIa receptors	Inhibition of platelet–melanoma interactions	[106]
Monoclonal antibody 10E5 and XV454	GPIIb/IIIa receptors	Reduction of lung metastases in mice	[132, 133]
Revacept	Collagen-like binding sites	Prevention of the upregulation of COX-2 and EMT in platelet–tumor cell cocultures	[97]
Heparin/fondaparinux	Indirect inhibitors of thrombin and Factor Xa	Inhibition of the activation of platelets by breast cancer cells	[101]
Clopidrogel (active metabolite)	P2Y12 receptor	Its coadministration with aspirin prevents or delays the development of hepatocarcinoma and improves survival	[131]
DG-041	Platelet EP3 receptor	Prevention of platelet-dependent induction of EMT and migration in colon cancer cells	[98]