Table 2.
In vitro anticancer activity of β-sheet and β-hairpin cationic antimicrobial peptides
| Peptide class | Species/species derived from | Peptide name | Tumor cells tested | Proposed mechanism | Reference[s] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mammals | |||||
| Neutrophil peptides | Human (H. sapiens) | HNP-1, HNP-2, HNP-3 | Raji, U937, K562, IM-9, WIL-2 | Membrane permeabilization | [72] |
| Human (H. sapiens) | HNP-1 | Oral squamous cell carcinoma | Growth inhibition | [116] | |
| Human (H. sapiens) | HNP-1 | NMB-7, LAN-5, LAN-1 | Membrane permeabilization | [117] | |
| Rabbit (Lepus curpaeums) | NP-1, NP-2, NP-3a, NP-3b | Raji, U937, K562, IM-9, WIL-2 | Membrane permeabilization | [72] | |
| Lactoferricin | Cow (B. taurus) | Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) | A range of leukemia, breast, colon and ovarian cancers | Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane damage | [63] |
| Cow (B. taurus) | Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) | Jurkat | Membrane permeabilization, apoptosis | [11] | |
| Cow (B. taurus) | Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) | Kelly, SK-N-DZ, IMR-32, 1640, SHEP-1 | Plasma and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization | [66] | |
| Cow (B. taurus) | Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) | MDA-MB-435 (used synergistically with tamoxifen) | Apoptosis | [118] | |
| Cow (B. taurus) | Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) | Jurkat, CCRF-CEM | Ceramide-enhanced apoptosis | [119] | |
| Cow (B. taurus) | Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) | AGS | Apoptosis, late-stage inhibition of autophagy | [64] | |
| Human (H. sapiens) | LF11-322, 6-MO-LF11-322, R-DIM-P-LF11-322 (Human lactoferricin derivatives) | SBcl-2 | Phosphatidylserine-dependent membrane permeabilization, apoptosis | [26, 29] | |
| Protegrin | Pig (Sus scrofa) | Protegrin-1 | U937 | Membrane permeabilization, growth inhibition | [49] |
| Human β-defensin | Human (H. sapiens) | HBD-3 | U937, Jurkat, HL-60, HeLa, PC3 | PIP2-mediated membrane permeabilization, growth inhibition | [88] |
| Other | |||||
| Gomesin | Brazilian tarantula (Acanthoscurria gomesiana) | Gomesin | B16F10, SKBr3, LS180, HeLa, SKMel 19, A2058 | Membrane permeabilization | [69] |
| Brazilian tarantula (A. gomesiana) | Gomesin | SH-5YSY | Membrane permeabilization/necrotic cell death | [68] | |
| Tachyplesin | Horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) | Tachyplesin-RGD | TSU, B16 | Growth inhibition, apoptosis | [70] |
| Horseshoe crab (T. tridentatus) | Tachyplesin | TSU | Activation of complement pathway, proteoglycan-mediated membrane permeabilization | [71] | |
| Plant defensins | Ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana alata) | NaD1 | U937, HeLa, PC3, Jurkat | PIP2-mediated membrane permeabilization, growth inhibition | [16] |
| Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | TPP3 | U937, HeLa, Jurkat, PC3 | PIP2-mediated membrane permeabilization | [83] | |
| Yardlong bean (Vigna sesquinpedalis) | Sesquin | M1 (leukemia), MCF-7 | Growth inhibition | [79] | |
| String bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) | Spotted bean defensin | L1210, MBL2 | Growth inhibition | [81] | |
| Lima bean (Phaseolus lutanus) | Lunatusin | MCF-7 | Growth inhibition | [80] | |