Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
| Characteristic | Hypertensive Group (n = 243) | Nonhypertensive Group (n = 274) | t/Z/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.00 (57.00,75.00) | 62.50 (54.00, 67.25) | −2.507 | 0.012 |
| Man (n, %) | 141 (58.02) | 162 (59.12) | 0.064 | 0.800 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.14 (23.42, 27.47) | 23.62 (22.03, 26.08) | −3.294 | 0.001 |
| Bachelor’s degree or above (n, %) | 159 (65.40) | 198 (72.26) | 2.812 | 0.094 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 102 (37.23) | 84 (34.60) | 0.395 | 0.530 |
| Drinking (n, %) | 57 (23.50) | 67 (24.45) | 0.070 | 0.791 |
| Exercise (n, %) | 176 (72.40) | 251 (91.61) | 32.944 | <0.001 |
| Insomnia (n, %) | 56 (23.00) | 82 (29.93) | 3.117 | 0.077 |
| Medical history — n, (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 107 (44.00) | 110 (40.15) | 0.799 | 0.374 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 206 (84.80) | 230 (83.94) | 0.067 | 0.810 |
| Hyperuricemia | 39 (16.00) | 46 (16.79) | 0.051 | 0.821 |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | 68 (28.00) | 71 (25.91) | 0.281 | 0.596 |
| CHD | 81 (33.30) | 71 (25.91) | 0.365 | 0.546 |
| OSAHS | 42 (17.30) | 34 (12.41) | 2.441 | 0.118 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| UA (μmol/L) | 358.90 (304.50, 410.60) | 347.10 (300.95, 399.55) | −0.787 | 0.432 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.39 (0.97, 2.00) | 1.22 (0.84, 1.99) | −1.149 | 0.251 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.20 (3.58, 4.87) | 4.19 (3.66, 4.58) | −0.835 | 0.404 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.32 (1.80, 2.90) | 2.27 (1.96, 2.59) | −1.164 | 0.244 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.27) | 1.15 (0.91, 1.47) | −2.143 | 0.032 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.56 (5.03, 6.79) | 5.43(5.00, 6.40) | 1.796 | 0.073 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.20 (5.80, 6.90) | 6.10(5.70, 6.70) | 0.637 | 0.524 |
| Subclinical target organ damage | ||||
| LVMI | 88.58 (74.03, 104.89) | 72.02 (60.70, 85.66) | −5.763 | <0.001 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 75.10 (62.00, 87.10) | 69.75 (60.90, 79.48) | −1.725 | 0.084 |
| CKD (%) | 14 (5.80) | 9 (3.28) | 1.858 | 0.173 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 13.24 (6.30, 20.98) | 5.63 (3.49, 11.34) | −6.216 | <0.001 |
| CAVI left | 10.40 (9.50, 11.80) | 8.80 (8.30, 9.23) | −8.956 | <0.001 |
| CAVI right | 10.50 (10.00, 12.00) | 9.00 (8.00, 9.00) | −8.833 | <0.001 |
| ABI left | 1.01 (0.91,1.11) | 1.19 (1.13,1.25) | −7.470 | <0.001 |
| ABI right | 1.01 (0.90,1.11) | 1.15 (1.09,1.22) | −7.808 | <0.001 |
| Increased CIMT/plaque (%) | 185 (76.10) | 138 (50.36) | 36.472 | <0.001 |
Note: P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, OSAHS, sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, CHD, Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, UA, uric acid, TG, triglyceride, TC, total cholesterol, LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin, LVMI, left ventricular mass index, Cr, creatinine, CKD, chronic kidney disease, ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index, ABI, ankle-brachial index, CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.