Table 1.

Proteins and Genes Involved in the Regulation of Prostate Cancer

S. No	Genes	Encoded Protein	Relevance with Prostate Cancer	References
1.	RPL19	60s ribosomal protein L19	Protein overexpression was employed prognostic marker in PCa. Prostate, gastric, lung cancer	[33,34]
2.	RPL11	60s ribosomal protein L11	Binding of co-activator TRRAP to MYC promoter is prevented or silencing via miRNA -RISC complex. Promotes MYC degradation or disable c-MYC transcription	[35]
3.	RPL23A	60s ribosomal protein L23A	Inhibiting RAS-mediated tumorigenesis and stabilizes p53 gene. Protein leads to inhibit cell growth arrest and promote apoptosis	[36]
4.	RPL5 RPL6	60s ribosomal protein L5 & L6	Stabilizes TAp73 / p53 and evades their ubiquitination. Induces apoptosis and arrest cell growth	[37]
5.	AHSA1	Activator heat shock 90 ATPase-1enzyme	It helps in the proper regulation of Wnt pathway aka β-catenin signalling pathway. Protein induces cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion	[38]
6.	CUL7	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex	Induces cyclin-A overexpression, leading to accumulation of α-tubulin microtubule via influencing ERK-SNAI-2 signalling. Induces metastasis in epithelial-mesenchyme and inhibit cell proliferation, apoptosis	[39,40]
7.	EIF3A	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor subunit A protein	Influences mTOR pathway’s translational initiation and regulation. Control gene’s translation involved in cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis	[41]
8.	NOP2	Putative ribosomal RNA methyltransferase enzyme	Protein influences cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Employed as cell transformation’s biomarker.	[42]
9.	HSPA5	Heat shock 70 protein 5	Mediate protein folding as a response to extra-ribosomal stress. Ensures cell escape death in cancerous condition.	[43,44]