Fig. 3.

The Rho family of small GTPases regulates actin polymerization and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms (*). GTPase-stimulating protein (GAP); guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Members of the Rho family are RhoD, Rac1, cdc42. The formin mDia2 nucleates unbranched filaments, continues elongation of uncapped actin filaments and can also replace N-WASP in its function as nucleator protein. For details on the other actin-associated molecules shown, please refer to “Actin” section