Fig. 3.

Adhesion molecules regulate spindle orientation. a E-cadherin and Cadherin-6 cooperate to regulate planar spindle orientation in epithelial cells through APC. Simultanous depletion of E-cadherin and Cadherin-6 disrupts the cortical localization of APC and results in misorientation of the spindle. How APC is connected with the cortex is not know. b JAM-A acts as a signaling molecule during mitosis. JAM-A has two signaling functions which both are most likely mediated by Cdc42. JAM-A activates PI(3)K and generates a cortical PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 gradient at the cortex. In addition JAM-A regulates the remodeling of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton. The roles of PAK2 and βPIX (broken contour lines) downstream of Cdc42 have been demonstrated in HeLa cells and have not been proven for JAM-A