Fig. 2.

TNF and Mycobacterium-induced regulated the cell death. Intracellular Mycobacterium proliferates within phagocytes when the TNF signaling is absent or too weak, leading to the death of infected cells by unregulated necrosis (left). When the TNF signaling is moderate, bactericidal activity of macrophages is stimulated, limiting bacterial growth and favoring cell survival (middle). However, when TNF signaling is too high, RIPK1-RIPK3-mediated necrosis is stimulated even if bacterial growth is controlled. Adapted from [36]