Table 1.
Role | Mechanism |
---|---|
Inhibits JAK/STAT signalling |
Binds to JAKs via SH2 domain and inhibits activity Competes for phosphorylation sites on cytokine receptors and inhibits STAT activation Ubiquitinates and degrades JAKs via SOCS box |
Inhibits Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras/ERK) signalling |
Interacts with the Ras inhibitor; p120 RasGAP Maintains activation of ERK Ensures cell survival and proliferation |
Inhibits phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signalling | Prevents PI3K p85 activation |
Inhibits focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signalling |
Interacts with FAK (Y397) via SH2 and KIR domains Inhibits kinase activity and phosphorylation of FAK Ubiquitinates and degrades FAK via SOCS box Inhibits cell motility on fibronectin |
Inhibits NF-κB pathway | IL-1β-induced NF-κB-dependent pro-apoptotic early response genes are inhibited by SOCS-3, e.g. iNOS, ICAM, complement C3, Mob-1, MIP-1, CX3C, NF-κB-p105, IRF-1 and fibrinogen |
T helper (Th) cell polarisation |
Highly expressed in Th2 cells Prevents differentiation into Th1 cells Restricts IL-17 induction |