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The role of DUBs within the ubiquitin–proteasome system. a Ubiquitin is composed of 76 amino acids, and it undergoes a series of enzyme reactions, such as E1 (activating enzyme), E2 (conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ligase enzyme), to attach to target proteins. b Most proteins are ubiquitinated on one or more multiple-lysine sites, and DUBs dissociate the ubiquitin-substrate bond through recognizing and cleaving at the diGly site. c A scheme of autocleavage for DUBs
