Scheme 1.

Schematic illustrations of the design and application of dual-delivery approach surface functionalized core-shell electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. (a) The PDA@PHA/PCL-ALN nanofiber was prepared by coaxial electrospinning method and surface functionalized by PDA. (b)In vitro evaluation of surface functionalized PDA@PHA/PCL-ALN nanofibers in regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Initially, the surface modified and rapid release of HA loaded in the shell layer promote the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, leading to increased bone regeneration. Subsequently, the delayed and sustained release of ALN in the core layer was designed to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and reduce bone resorption. (c)In vivo evaluation of surface functionalized PDA@PHA/PCL-ALN nanofiber facilitates endogenous bone regeneration through synergistic approach of osteogenic stimulation and osteoclastic inhibition.