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. 2024 May 21;15:4339. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48313-1

Fig. 4. Members of RLCK-VII-7 play an important role in the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR and host resistance against Phytophthora palmivora.

Fig. 4

N. benthamiana:Cf-4 rlck-vii-6, rlck-vii-7, and rlck-vii-8 knock-out plants do not exhibit an altered Avr4/Cf-4-triggered MAPK activation (a–c) and ethylene production (d–f), when compared to N. benthamiana:Cf-4 plants. a–c, Leaf samples were harvested at 15 min after infiltration with 5 μM Avr4 protein. Total protein extracts were run on SDS gel and subjected to immunoblotting employing a p42/p44-erk antibody specifically detecting phosphorylated, and thereby activated, MAPKs (α-pMAPK). d–f Ethylene production by the various rlck knock-out plants was measured at 4 h after treatment with 2.5 μM Avr4 protein. Data points are indicated as dots from three independent experiments and plotted as box plots (centre line, median; error bar, minima and maxima; one-way ANOVA/Dunnett’s multiple comparison test; n = 9). g–i The HR intensity triggered by Avr4 (5 μM) in leaves of rlck-vii-7 knock-out plants is significantly reduced when compared to the intensity of the HR in leaves of N. benthamiana:Cf-4 plants. The HR was imaged by the Chemidoc and the HR intensity was quantified by Image Lab, at 2 dpi. Statistical significance was determined by a one-way ANOVA/Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with N. benthamiana:Cf-4. Dots indicate individual values (centre line, median; error bar, minima and maxima; n = 6). j Knocking out SOBIR1 or members of RLCK-VII-7 enhances N. benthamiana susceptibility to P. palmivora. Lesion areas on leaves of 5-week-old N. benthamiana plants were quantified at 2 days post inoculation. Values are given relative to N. benthamiana:Cf-4. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) post-hoc test. Dots indicate individual values (N = 45). Letters indicate statistical groupings. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.