. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 30.

Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2024 Apr 10;43(12):2452–2471. doi: 10.1002/sim.10079

TABLE 1.

Biases and RMSE of the estimated regression coefficients, biases, and RMSE in the simulation study of interval-censored multistate data. Values in the parentheses are the corresponding standard errors.

			$β_{s_{1} \to s_{2}, 1}$		$β_{s_{1} \to s_{2}, 2}$		$β_{s_{1} \to s_{2}, 3}$		$β_{s_{1} \to s_{2}, 4}$
s ₁	s ₂	Method	Bias	Truth	Bias	Truth	Bias	Truth	Bias	Truth	RMSE

Case (A)
1	2	1st Order Approx	0.008 (0.003)	0.6	0.003 (0.003)	0.2	0.000 (0.003)	0.2	0.003 (0.003)	0.2	0.129 (0.002)
1	2	Package msm	0.048 (0.003)	0.6	0.041 (0.003)	0.2	0.018 (0.003)	0.2	0.023 (0.003)	0.2	0.151 (0.003)
1	3	1st Order Approx	−0.000 (0.003)	0.2	0.006 (0.003)	0.6	0.001 (0.003)	0.2	0.002 (0.003)	0.2	0.126 (0.002)
1	3	Package msm	0.038 (0.003)	0.2	0.045 (0.003)	0.6	0.020 (0.003)	0.2	0.021 (0.003)	0.2	0.147 (0.002)
2	4	1st Order Approx	0.004 (0.005)	0.2	0.004 (0.004)	0.2	0.016 (0.004)	0.6	0.008 (0.004)	0.2	0.199 (0.004)
2	4	Package msm	−0.058 (0.004)	0.2	−0.056 (0.004)	0.2	−0.090 (0.004)	0.6	−0.038 (0.004)	0.2	0.211 (0.003)
3	4	1st Order Approx	0.012 (0.004)	0.2	0.008 (0.005)	0.2	0.006 (0.004)	0.2	0.010 (0.004)	0.6	0.201 (0.003)
3	4	Package msm	−0.048 (0.004)	0.2	−0.055 (0.004)	0.2	−0.037 (0.004)	0.2	−0.093 (0.004)	0.6	0.211 (0.003)
Case (B)
1	2	1st Order Approx	0.004 (0.002)	0.5	−0.000 (0.002)	0.1	0.000 (0.002)	0.1	0.002 (0.002)	0.1	0.105 (0.002)
1	2	Package msm	0.075 (0.003)	0.5	0.074 (0.004)	0.1	0.022 (0.003)	0.1	0.028 (0.003)	0.1	0.163 (0.003)
1	3	1st Order Approx	−0.001 (0.002)	0.1	0.008 (0.002)	0.5	−0.003 (0.002)	0.1	0.002 (0.002)	0.1	0.101 (0.002)
1	3	Package msm	0.068 (0.003)	0.1	0.077 (0.004)	0.5	0.021 (0.003)	0.1	0.027 (0.003)	0.1	0.159 (0.003)
2	4	1st Order Approx	0.001 (0.004)	0.1	0.006 (0.004)	0.1	0.005 (0.004)	0.4	0.004 (0.004)	0.2	0.182 (0.003)
2	4	Package msm	−0.123 (0.004)	0.1	−0.060 (0.005)	0.1	−0.085 (0.004)	0.4	−0.054 (0.005)	0.2	0.231 (0.004)
2	5	1st Order Approx	0.011 (0.004)	0.5	−0.004 (0.004)	0.1	0.002 (0.004)	0.1	−0.005 (0.004)	0.1	0.169 (0.003)
2	5	Package msm	−0.139 (0.004)	0.5	−0.069 (0.004)	0.1	−0.080 (0.004)	0.1	−0.061 (0.004)	0.1	0.234 (0.004)
3	5	1st Order Approx	0.003 (0.004)	0.1	0.009 (0.004)	0.5	0.001 (0.004)	0.1	0.008 (0.004)	0.1	0.172 (0.003)
3	5	Package msm	−0.062 (0.004)	0.1	−0.139 (0.004)	0.5	−0.051 (0.004)	0.1	−0.073 (0.004)	0.1	0.227 (0.003)
3	6	1st Order Approx	0.001 (0.004)	0.1	−0.014 (0.004)	0.1	0.001 (0.004)	0.2	0.009 (0.004)	0.4	0.181 (0.003)
3	6	Package msm	−0.063 (0.004)	0.1	−0.136 (0.005)	0.1	−0.064 (0.004)	0.2	−0.092 (0.005)	0.4	0.245 (0.004)