Fig. 5.

In vivo toxicity of LNP S050L and Con-LNP. Mice were immunized with saline or R/L mRNA⊂LNPs to evaluate the state of the major organs and the toxicity of the LNPs. (A, B) Overview of the experimental groups and immunization schedules. (C) Representative images of the heart, spleen, and lymph nodes from immunized mice captured during euthanization. Pericardial calcification was observed in the group immunized with con-LNPs (G3). (D) Hematological safety profiles of serum samples collected from immunized mice during euthanization. The results showed an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and troponin I activity and a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the serum. Data are represented as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Statistically significant differences were defined as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.