Table 1. General characteristics and blood pressure distributions from different devices of study participants.
| Total | Boys | Girls | p value‡ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Overall | Group 1 | Group 2 | Overall | Group 1 | Group 2 | Overall | |||||||
| Number (%) | 36 (34.6) | 68 (65.4) | 104 (100) | 19 (18.3) | 34 (32.7) | 53 (51.0) | 17 (16.3) | 34 (32.7) | 51 (49.0) | 0.0727 | |||||
| p value* | p value* | p value* | p value† | ||||||||||||
| Measurement order, number (%) | |||||||||||||||
| AD-MS-OD | 5 (13.9) | 10 (14.7) | 15 (14.4) | 1.0000 | 3 (15.8) | 5 (14.7) | 8 (15.1) | 0.9995 | 2 (11.8) | 5 (14.7) | 7 (13.7) | 0.9982 | 0.9914 | 1.0000 | |
| AD-OD-MS | 6 (16.7) | 12 (17.6) | 18 (17.3) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (17.6) | 9 (17.0) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (17.6) | 9 (17.6) | 1.0000 | |||||
| MS-AD-OD | 7 (19.4) | 13 (19.1) | 20 (19.2) | 4 (21.1) | 6 (17.6) | 10 (18.9) | 3 (17.6) | 7 (20.6) | 10 (19.6) | 1.0000 | |||||
| MS-OD-AD | 7 (19.4) | 13 (19.1) | 20 (19.2) | 4 (21.1) | 7 (20.6) | 11 (20.8) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (17.6) | 9 (17.6) | 1.0000 | |||||
| OD-AD-MS | 4 (11.1) | 7 (10.3) | 11 (10.6) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (11.8) | 6 (11.3) | 2 (11.8) | 3 (8.8) | 5 (9.8) | 1.0000 | |||||
| OD-MS-AD | 7 (19.4) | 13 (19.1) | 20 (19.2) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (17.6) | 9 (17.0) | 4 (23.5) | 7 (20.6) | 11 (21.6) | ||||||
| p value§ | p value§ | p value§ | p value∥ | ||||||||||||
| Height (cm) | |||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 148.7±8.6 | 166.1±8.4 | 160.1±11.9 | <0.0001 | 149.2±9.9 | 172.4±6.8 | 164.1±13.7 | <0.0001 | 148.0±7.2 | 159.9±4.2 | 156.0±7.7 | <0.0001 | 0.0004 | ||
| Median | 149.2 | 164.3 | 160.0 | 151.2 | 174.6 | 167.0 | 149.1 | 159.6 | 157.8 | ||||||
| Range | 125.9–167.2 | 146.9–183.8 | 125.9–183.8 | 125.9–165.2 | 156.2–183.8 | 125.9–183.8 | 138.3–167.2 | 146.9–171.4 | 138.3–171.4 | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | |||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 44.3±13.4 | 61.4±14.1 | 55.4±16.0 | <0.0001 | 46.6±11.8 | 66.6±15.7 | 59.4±17.3 | <0.0001 | 41.6±14.9 | 56.1±9.9 | 51.3±13.5 | 0.0014 | 0.0089 | ||
| Median | 42.0 | 58.1 | 54.2 | 46.8 | 64.0 | 56.7 | 37.7 | 56.5 | 51.4 | ||||||
| Range | 25.4–94.3 | 38.0–103.6 | 25.4–103.6 | 25.4–74.2 | 46.9–103.6 | 25.4–103.6 | 29.3–94.3 | 38.0–80.4 | 29.3–94.3 | ||||||
| Arm circumference (cm) | |||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 22.8±3.2 | 25.2±3.3 | 24.4±3.5 | 0.0005 | 23.8±3.0 | 26.0±3.5 | 25.2±3.5 | 0.0218 | 21.7±3.1 | 24.4±2.9 | 23.5±3.2 | 0.0038 | 0.0114 | ||
| Median | 22.7 | 25.3 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 21.0 | 24.9 | 23.7 | ||||||
| Range | 17.3–31.2 | 18.5–32.3 | 17.3–32.3 | 17.3–29.7 | 20.0–32.3 | 17.3–32.3 | 18.5–31.2 | 18.5–30.5 | 18.5–31.2 | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||||
| MS | Mean ± SD | 105.2±9.5 | 108.0±9.0 | 107.0±9.2 | 0.1492 | 107.4±11.3 | 110.4±9.0 | 109.3±9.9 | 0.2862 | 102.8±6.7 | 105.5±8.4 | 104.6±7.9 | 0.2528 | 0.0088 | |
| Median | 105.0 | 107.0 | 106.0 | 109.0 | 109.5 | 109.0 | 103.0 | 104.0 | 103.0 | ||||||
| Range | 85.0–131.0 | 89.0–131.0 | 85.0–131.0 | 85.0–131.0 | 93.0–131.0 | 85.0–131.0 | 92.0–112.0 | 89.0–124.0 | 89.0–124.0 | ||||||
| AD | Mean ± SD | 103.8±9.7 | 107.4±9.5 | 106.1±9.7 | 0.0666 | 105.8±11.0 | 109.7±9.5 | 108.3±10.2 | 0.1772 | 101.5±7.8 | 105.1±9.0 | 103.9±8.7 | 0.1650 | 0.0188 | |
| Median | 103.5 | 105.0 | 105.0 | 104.0 | 107.0 | 106.0 | 102.0 | 103.0 | 103.0 | ||||||
| Range | 85.0–125.0 | 92.0–132.0 | 85.0–132.0 | 85.0–125.0 | 96.0–132.0 | 85.0–132.0 | 85.0–112.0 | 92.0–126.0 | 85.0–126.0 | ||||||
| OD | Mean ± SD | 102.6±8.6 | 108.7±9.7 | 106.6±9.8 | 0.0021 | 102.1±9.5 | 111.4±9.2 | 108.1±10.3 | 0.0009 | 103.3±7.8 | 106.0±9.6 | 105.1±9.1 | 0.3146 | 0.1214 | |
| Median | 102.3 | 108.8 | 105.0 | 101.5 | 111.3 | 107.0 | 104.0 | 103.3 | 103.5 | ||||||
| Range | 78.5–121.0 | 87.0–131.0 | 78.5–131.0 | 78.5–121.0 | 92.5–131.0 | 78.5–131.0 | 89.0–113.0 | 87.0–127.5 | 87.0–127.5 | ||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||||
| MS | Mean ± SD | 64.6±8.2 | 65.6±9.4 | 65.3±9.0 | 0.5694 | 64.9±7.9 | 65.8±9.8 | 65.5±9.1 | 0.7250 | 64.2±8.8 | 65.4±9.2 | 65.0±9.0 | 0.6481 | 0.7826 | |
| Median | 64.5 | 66.0 | 65.0 | 66.0 | 65.5 | 66.0 | 64.0 | 66.0 | 65.0 | ||||||
| Range | 45.0–86.0 | 45.0–92.0 | 45.0–92.0 | 47.0–80.0 | 45.0–92.0 | 45.0–92.0 | 45.0–86.0 | 46.0–82.0 | 45.0–86.0 | ||||||
| AD | Mean ± SD | 63.0±7.2 | 65.5±9.4 | 64.6±8.7 | 0.1767 | 63.9±8.1 | 65.4±9.7 | 64.9±9.1 | 0.5868 | 62.0±6.1 | 65.5±9.2 | 64.4±8.4 | 0.1572 | 0.7693 | |
| Median | 62.0 | 66.0 | 64.0 | 62.0 | 66.5 | 64.0 | 62.0 | 66.0 | 64.0 | ||||||
| Range | 45.0–81.0 | 45.0–93.0 | 45.0–93.0 | 45.0–81.0 | 45.0–93.0 | 45.0–93.0 | 51.0–72.0 | 46.0–86.0 | 46.0–86.0 | ||||||
| OD | Mean ± SD | 60.8±6.7 | 60.6±7.9 | 60.7±7.5 | 0.9144 | 61.6±7.6 | 60.2±7.9 | 60.7±7.7 | 0.5195 | 59.9±5.7 | 61.1±8.0 | 60.7±7.3 | 0.5819 | 0.9962 | |
| Median | 60.8 | 60.5 | 60.5 | 62.0 | 59.3 | 61.5 | 60.0 | 61.3 | 60.0 | ||||||
| Range | 48.0–77.0 | 45.5–85.5 | 45.5–85.5 | 48.0–77.0 | 45.5–76.0 | 45.5–77.0 | 51.5–72.0 | 45.5–85.5 | 45.5–85.5 | ||||||
Group 1: 10–12 years old; Group 2: 13–18 years old.
AD = auscultatory device (Greenlight 300TM); MS = mercury sphygmomanometer; OD = oscillometric device (Omron HEM-907); SD = standard deviation.
*The p value with χ2 test for measurement order and age group distribution.
†The p value with χ2 test for measurement order and sex distribution.
‡The p value with Fisher’s exact test applied if the value of the cell is less than or equal to 5, and χ2 test if the value is greater than or equal to 5, to test for differences in the distribution by sex and age group.
§The p value with independent t-test for mean comparison by age group.
∥The p value with independent t-test for mean comparison by sex group.